ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:
Former President Jimmy Carter returned to Washington for the final time yesterday afternoon. Washington was never a comfortable place for the man from Plains, Georgia, and it's generally believed that Carter was a better former president than president. One reason for that perception is the Iranian hostage crisis. For the last 444 days of Carter's presidency, 52 Americans were held prisoner at the U.S. Embassy in Iran, including Barry Rosen, who was then the press attache at the embassy, and he joins us now. Welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.
BARRY ROSEN: Thank you.
SHAPIRO: You have said that if it weren't for President Carter, you wouldn't be here today. What do you mean by that?
ROSEN: Well, I sincerely believe that he saved our lives. I mean, he sacrificed his presidency and worked assiduously for those 444 days to make our freedom the uppermost in his mind.
SHAPIRO: Can you tell us more about that? What leads you to say that it was the most important thing to him?
ROSEN: Well, I remember my wife, Barbara, meeting with President Carter during that time. And she showed photos of my young son, Alexander, who was about 3 at that time, and Ariana, my daughter, was 1. And you could see the toll it was taking on him. And that he put that photograph in his suit pocket - and I knew for sure that he looked at that.
SHAPIRO: He carried the photo of your children while you were in captivity...
ROSEN: Correct.
SHAPIRO: ...Being held hostage?
ROSEN: Yes.
SHAPIRO: And do you give any credence to the criticism that if he had handled it differently, the crisis could have ended sooner, that you would not have had to have spent as many days being held hostage as you were?
ROSEN: After all these years, I felt that there was no other alternative. I mean, yes, there could have been military action against Iran, but I think that might have - would have been taken out on us, and I think it would have been severe. We were treated terribly during the hostage crisis. I was only outside for 15 minutes only one time during the entire situation.
SHAPIRO: You were only outdoors once in 444...
ROSEN: Yes.
SHAPIRO: ...Days, for 15 minutes?
ROSEN: Yes. I picked up a piece of grass that was in - on the ground, put it in my pocket. And, you know, that was - it brought me back to my days as a young boy with my father and going to baseball games. Those moments of freedom, those minutes were amazingly important for my survival.
SHAPIRO: Everything about the story of your captivity is extraordinary, not least of which is the events leading up to your release. President Carter personally negotiated many of the details of the release, including the unfreezing of billions in Iranian assets. But you and the other hostages were not freed until after Ronald Reagan was sworn in as president. Your plane sat on the runway. What were those final moments like?
ROSEN: Well, those final moments were unbelievably nerve-racking. We were put on a bus, blindfolded, taken, I suspect, to Mehrabad Airport at that time. It took over an hour. And as I stepped off the bus, I saw in a distance a light - person pointing toward me.
SHAPIRO: Your blindfolds were removed at this point?
ROSEN: Yes. Yes, they were. And then a phalanx of the student militants spat at me. And I then ran to the Air Algiers (ph) plane that was taking us to Algeria on our first leg to the trip to Wiesbaden. I couldn't believe it. I think there's a photo of me getting on the plane. I think I was absolutely astonished.
SHAPIRO: Yeah.
ROSEN: And it was so amazing to just see the people that I hadn't seen for all those months. We were never all together. We were always separated, and one would never know from one day to the next if you were moved or whether a gun would be held to your head, whether you would be forced to sign some sort of statement of being a spy and a plotter.
SHAPIRO: So you arrived in Wiesbaden, in what was then West Germany, and Jimmy Carter, newly a former president, was there to meet you. What do you remember about that first meeting?
ROSEN: It was tense. And he was with Vice President Mondale and Secretary of State Muskie, but he had, you know, the courage, I thought, to come and see us knowing that many, many, many of us were very upset with him and couldn't understand the decisions that were made in terms of permitting the shah into the United States. I know those are the Cold War years and all of that, but the anger was present and...
SHAPIRO: Were you personally angry?
ROSEN: I was. I have to admit that. I just couldn't understand why all that time was spent, and we never, never really had a notion of what was going on during that entire time. The hostage-takers gave us no information at all about anything, and so the isolation was so severe.
SHAPIRO: And now with more than 40 years of hindsight, do you still feel that anger? Or what are your feelings?
ROSEN: No, I don't have that anger. You know, I have a better understanding of the situation that he faced and that - he brought us back alive. And anything could have happened during those 444 days and I might not have seen my wife, Barbara, and my two children, Alexander, Ariana, and my grandchildren now. So I credit him for taking the real pains of that situation and really trying to extricate us out of, I think, the first real big hostage situation, hostage crisis that America faced.
SHAPIRO: Barry Rosen was 1 of 52 Americans held hostage in Iran from November 1979 until January 1981. Thank you for sharing some of your story with us.
ROSEN: Thank you.
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